Ceramic firing: A guide to perfect processing

Firing Ceramics: A Guide

Reading time: 6 minutes

[Update: September 26, 2024]

Firing is one of the most important steps in the production of ceramics as it provides strength and durability to the piece. There are different techniques and temperatures that depend on the type of ceramic and the desired results.

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The two main types of firing: bisque firing and glaze firing

bisque firing

Bisque firing is the first firing a ceramic piece undergoes. It is fired at a temperature of 600 to 950 °C to give the clay its shape and to remove excess moisture. This partially hardens the clay, but it still remains porous.

glaze firing

After the bisque firing, a glaze is often applied, which melts during the second firing, the glaze firing, at higher temperatures (between 950 and 1400 °C) and forms a smooth, resistant surface. This process makes the ceramic waterproof and more durable.

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Important factors when burning

firing temperatures

Firing temperatures vary greatly depending on the clay and glaze. For example, earthenware is fired at around 1000 to 1200 °C, while stoneware requires a firing temperature of up to 1400 °C. Each firing process should therefore be closely monitored to achieve the desired result.

The right kiln

Electric and gas kilns are the most commonly used kilns. Keramikbedarf Zinser explains in detail how to fire a kiln to achieve optimal results. Gas kilns are particularly suitable for what is known as reductive firing, which removes oxygen, creating unique colors.

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Additional firing techniques: reducing and oxidizing firing

Reductive firing removes oxygen from the kiln, which can alter the colors of the glaze and clay, creating a distinctive, rustic look. In contrast, oxidative firing uses excess oxygen, which is particularly common in electric kilns. Both techniques offer unique aesthetic results and can be used to create special effects.

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opinion of pottery

At Töpferkunst we place great importance on the quality of our ceramic products. We prefer to work with high precision and match both bisque and glaze firing exactly to the properties of the respective clay and design. This way we ensure that our tableware is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

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Conclusion

Firing ceramics is an essential process that gives tableware, sculptures and other ceramic objects their final form and function. Each firing process, whether bisque or glaze firing, must be carefully planned and carried out to ensure the longevity and quality of the ceramics. If you want to learn more about the art of pottery, you can find helpful resources on the firing process and ceramic production at Keramiko.de .

Check out our Color collection to get a feel for the result of perfectly fired ceramics!